The Governmental Commission was founded under the federal law No 57, dated April 29, 2008, On the Procedure for Making Foreign Investment in Economic Entities of Strategic Importance for National Defence and State Security. The commission exercises control over foreign investment in economic entities of strategic importance for national defence and state security.

Economic entities of strategic importance present high interest for foreign investors. In 2012, the Federal Anti-Monopoly Service examined over 50 applications on the preliminary approval of deals regarding such entities.